：
1. 过去分词做状语
2. 复习分词的各种形式（doing; having done; having been done）做状语。
知识总结与归纳：
（一）过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。
结构：过去分词短语，主句（主语+谓语）
相当于
（1）表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。
例：
1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.
2. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
5. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. （2）含主系表结构（be+V-ed形式）表示状态或性质的状语从句。
例：
1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
2. Excited by our success, we decided to celebrate with dinner.
3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.
4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.
5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didn’t know what to say at first.
（二）过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被……
结构：having been done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
1. Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.
2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.
3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.
4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
（三）复习：现在分词（doing短语）以及它的完成式（having done短语）做时间、原因，条件，让步状语；相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。
例：
结构：doing 短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
当……时，/由于……/如果……
having done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
已经……之后
1. Living far from school, he is often late.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
（四）分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
（五）总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系（主动，被动）和时间顺序（在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生）来确定做状语的分词的形式。
（六）分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达。
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. ____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.
分析：根据句意： Harvard大学创建于1636年，“创建”与主句主语Harvard为被动关系。
答案：C
2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, ___ book ___ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie open D. left; lying opened
分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还打开着放在桌上。
hurried out和disappeared是连续的动作。而___ book ___ on the table则是伴随的动作。
答案：B
3. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacking in
分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of（缺乏）与主语his parents为主动关系。
答案：B
4. ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given B. To given C. Giving D. Having given
分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。____ more attention做条件状语，give与主语the tree为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。
答案：A
5. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lost in thought形容词短语：走神。
答案：C
二. 翻译句子：
1. 泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。
答案：
Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go there.
Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice.
2. 从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。
答案：
Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
3. 他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。
答案：
Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
4. First built as an exclusive playground for the 60’s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting.
答案：
翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创建者Huntington Hartford是A&P超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.
A. Feeling something go B. Feeling something to go
C. To feel something gone D. Having felt something gone
2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.
A. Not receive B. Not to receive
C. Not received D. Not having received
3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.
A. use B. using C. being used D. used
4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.
A. Fully developed B. Fully developing
C. Having fully developed D. To be fully developed
5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.
A. When asked B. When asking
C. To be asked D. When he was asking
6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. Completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
二. 完型填空
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.
Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia . Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.
In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.
Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.
He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.
1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work
2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant
3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit
4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside
5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful
6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see
7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave
8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think
9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement
10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy
11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television
13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment
14. A. day B. week C. month D. year
15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing
16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove
17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that
18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough
19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure
20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness
三. 阅读理解：
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes. B. No
C. I heard you D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece B. the USA C. England D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “… action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.
Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.
A. man desire to explore what is unknown.
B. man often goes wherever his dreams go
C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.
D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.
2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.
A. vast B. various C. valuable D. practical
3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.
A. doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B. the exploration of space
C. exploring more in space than in sea
D. his experience in space
4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results ___.
A. that are obtained from experience
B. that can be learned as knowledge
C. that can be made use of
D. helping us make further exploration.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing形式做状语，go wrong做宾语something的补足语。
2. D
解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全句中做原因状语，动作在主句decided to write again动作之前，用-ing 的完成式Not having done结构做状语
3. D
解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。
4. A
解析：如果进行全面发展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。
5. A
解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很高兴。
6. A
解析：当博物馆被完工（竣工）时，它将与明年对公众开放。
二. 完型填空
1. D
解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差
2. B
解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring预示下文提到的Mr. Cousins生病。
3. D
解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限
4. C
解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化
5. A
解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。本题另外三个选项与主语搭配不合适。
6. C
解析：他几乎无法站立了
7. A
解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：make a move
8. B
解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。get over：从病中恢复过来。
9. B
解析：Mr. Cousins拒绝放弃治疗的希望。
10. D
解析：Mr. Cousins认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的happy thoughts相对应。
11. A
解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，
12. C
解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑 能治愈他的疾病。
13. D
解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experiment on somebody：拿某人做实验。
14. A
解析：他发现白天10分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。during the day对应下一句的at night.
15. B
解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。 deciding :确定。
16. C
解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。
17. A
解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。
18. D
解析：他感到身体足够健康了
19. A
解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。
20. C
解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。
三. 阅读理解：
A
1. B
解析：细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B
解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A
解析：根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。
4. C
解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5. C
解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。
B
1. A
解析：考查文章的主旨大意。从第一段Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。
2. B
解析：词义猜测。从第二段The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知the areas that will benefit是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。
3. B
解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。
4. C
解析：文章最后一句意思是：但是要确切地说这种实际结果是什么将是不可能的。这种实际结果就是能应用上文所提到的各种领域所获得的利益。